2016年成人高考高升专英语解题技巧
来源:www.hnsfdxzk.org 发表时间:2016-10-28 11:36 作者:湖南师范大学自考办 点击:
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一、试卷分析
成人高考高升专英语科满分150分,试卷易中难按照5:4:1比列科学分布。具体分值细分如下:
题号 |
题目 |
分值 |
一、语音题
(7.5分,共5题,每小题1.5分) |
1. 元音的发音
2. 组合字母的发音 |
7.5分 |
二、词汇与语法题(22.5分,共15题,每小题1.5分) |
主要方向:
1.考察介词固定搭配的适用
2.连词的用法
3.动词短语的固定搭配
4.主动语态与被动语态区别
5.状语从句,定语从句,名词性从句的考察
6.动词时态的考察
7.动词语态的考察 |
22.5分 |
三、完形填空
(30分,共15题) |
主要方向:
1.考察理解句子,把握文意的能力
2.考察介词的用法与固定搭配
3.考察动词的固定搭配
4.考察动词时态及语态的选择
5.考察从句关系词的适用 |
30分 |
四.阅读理解 (45分,共15题,每题3分) |
1.考察文章阅读理解的能力
2.根据试题要求和文章内容,选择正确的答案 |
45分 |
五、补全对话 (15分,共5题,每题3分) |
1、考察考生日常对话的积累
2、考察考生根据情境,设计对话 |
15分 |
六、书面表达(30分,共1题) |
1、考察考生组织语言的能力
2、考察考生词汇量的积累 |
30分 |
总分 |
150分 |
二.答题技巧
(一)语音复习方向
熟悉英语字母及常用字母组合在单词中的读音。了解英语的基本语调以及使用语调的规则,并能在实践中运用这些规则。
(二)词汇与语法复习方向
词类:名词,形容词,副词,动词,代词,冠词,数词,介词,连词,感叹词
时态:一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,现在进行时,过去进行时,现在完成时,过去完成时,过去将来时
语态:一般现在时被动语态,一般过去时被动语态,一般将来时被动语态,现在进行时被动语态,现在完成时被动语态,带情态动词的被动语态。
句子:名词性从句,状语从句,定语从句,倒装句,省略句
选择题要注意以下几个方面
(1)先易后难:一些考题的答案比较容易选定,可以先从这些考题入手。平时练习时,应以基础为主,主要精力不应放在偏题、怪题上。
(2)分析考查意图、运用相关知识:应学会分析出题者考查的意图,明确相关题的测试点是什么,然后运用所学知识,进行分析、判断,再进行选择。
(3)利用暗示进行选择:注意考题涉及的语境范围。平时应注重对习惯用语表达、惯用法和中英文化差别等方面知识的积累。
(4)运用排除法:可采取语言排除、逻辑排除、语法排除或选择排除等方法。先排除较容易、较明显的错误选项,缩小范围,而后对剩余的选项进行比较分析,最后确定答案。
三、做完形填空题时,在遵循第三章所述三个步骤的同时,还可利用以下几个判断方法
1.搭配判断法。
根据对以往试题的分析,搭配型考题在完形填空题中占的比例最高。搭配型问题主要测试常见搭配的熟练程度,比如说哪些词要搭配不定式、动名词或某种从句,哪些词必须与某个介词搭配。我们在复习时要特别注意短语动词和介词的固定搭配。
2.结构判断法。
结构型问题主要包括句型、句式、连接词的选择等,解题时要运用句法知识,把握关键词,从而做出迅速正确的判断。完形填空题中有很多是利用语法的正确性与逻辑的排斥性间的矛盾来设计的。因此考生应结合上下文的合理性及意义关系的逻辑性选择最佳答案。完形填空中常考的逻辑关系主要有:
(1)转折、让步关系:这种关系表明后一种观点或事实与前一种观点或事实相比有些出乎意料。
常见的表示转折、让步的词或词组有:but,still,yet,however,though,although,no matter,in spite of,anyway,even if等。
(2)因果关系:
表示原因的连词或词组有:because(of ),due to,owing to,thanks to,since,for,as等。
表示结果的词或词组有:so,therefore,then,as a result,in consequence,consequently,thus等。
(3)递进、补充关系:这种关系表示对前一事实或观点做进一步阐述。
常用的词、词组有:moreover,likewise,besides,in addition,also,too,not only…but also,apart from,what‘s more 等。
(4)对比、比较关系:对比观点或事物间的差异性,比较观点或事物间的同一性。
表示对比的词或词组有:in contrast,by contrast,on the contrary,conversely,unlike,oppositely 等。表示比较的词或词组有:like,in comparison,compare…with,as,just as等。
3.词义判断法。
词汇型问题也是完形填空的一个考点,主要测试考生在段落语篇中把握语义连贯性的能力,提供选择的词可能是近义词、近形词也可能是随意拼凑的四个选项,遇到这类题,既要联系上下文,又要具有扎实的词汇基础,有时还须根据自己的文化背景知识做出判断、选择答案。
四、阅读理解训练
阅读理解是对字、词、句法的进一步学习和综合运用。在做阅读理解题时,除了掌握前面介绍的基本题型、基本法则外,还要进行有意识的阅读训练。提高阅读能力的训练主要可以从下面几个方面入手:词汇、方法、侧重点。
1.词汇:猜词的技巧。
在阅读过程中,不可避免地会碰到不认识的单词,考试中又不允许查词典,有些不认识的单词对文章的理解影响不大,可以忽略。但有些不认识的单词则会影响阅读者对文章理解的正确性。在这种情况下,必需猜测词的含义,这就需要利用猜词的技巧了。
最基本的猜词技巧有两种:一是根据构词法的规则猜,构词法的规则在前面的章节中已有介绍,这里就不重复了;另一种猜词的技巧是根据上下文的描述、解释、列举、比较等,运用已有的知识,分析、推断该词的含义。常用的猜词技巧可归纳为以下几种:
(1)利用词根、词缀构词法推测词义。通过构词法推测词义是最常用的方法之一。
(2)分析文中对该词的直接定义推测词义。
作者在行文中有时不得不使用某些难词、偏词,为使读者理解,作者常常会在文章中直接解释该词语。作者或通过同位语,或使用定语从句加以阐明,或用冒号、破折号、括号给出,或用语篇标志词引出,这类语篇标志词有:that is (to say); e.g.;or,in other words;to put it in another way等。如:
She is bilingual.In other words,she speaks English and French equally well.(bilingual:会说两种语言的)。
(3)分析文中对该词的近义复述推测词义。
同一短文中前后两个句子、短语或单词通常有互释作用,可以从上下文的复述中获取与某一单词或短语相关的信息以猜测词义。如:
It is difficult to list all of my fathe‘s attributes because he has so many different talents and abilities.(attribute:特质;才能)
(4)分析文中对该词的对比和并列表述推测词义。
利用上下文中的对比或并列表述猜测词义是最常用、最可靠的方法。有不少句子会在上下文中给出某个生词(尤其是偏词、难词)的同义词或反义词,运用对比或并列表达对这些生词加以推测。通过了解词与词之间的连接关系,特别是一些语篇标志词,如:however;on the other hand;nevertheless等,我们不难推断这些生词的词义。如:
If you agree,write “yes”;if you dissent,write “no”。(dissent:不同意)
(5)根据常识推测词义。
有些生词看似很难,但根据语境,根据读者的经历或常识,很容易猜出词义。如果所读的材料是考生熟悉的内容或在自己专业知识范围内,生词就更易化解了。
其实,猜词的方法并不限于以上这些,大家在阅读中要多动脑筋,善于总结,还能总结出一些更适合自己的技巧和方法来。
综合例题:从三个选项中找出与黑体词含义相符的答案。
例1.He is a courteous young man.He always pleases you and respects old people.
A.polite B.short C.very
答案为A.第二句说他如何有礼貌、尊重老人,是对上一句的进一步说明。可以判断他是有礼貌的年轻人,因此得出结论,courteous有polite之意。
例2.Tame animals such as cats,dogs,and some birds make excellent pets; however,wild animals like lions and tigers are not good pets.
A.hairy B.calm C.loud
答案为B.阅读全句可看出,cats,dog,birds 与 lions,tigers相对,excellent pets与not good pets相对,可由此断定,tame与wild相对,所以,wild 反义词应是选项B.
2.阅读理解的解题方法。
(1)先看文章后做题。主要针对简单易懂的文章,时间又较充裕的情况。
(2)先看题目后读文章再做题。这种方法在时间紧、文章长的情况下更为实用。这样,可以带着问题去阅读,文章中的内容与考题相关时仔细阅读,与题目无关时可以置之不理,很快跳过去。
还有一些题目涉及一般常识或科普知识,可以在未阅读文章之前自己先行判断,在阅读时只要对自己的判断进行验证就可以了。
(3)快速阅读文章后面的题目,并将题目中的关键词(一般为实词,并且含有重要信息)用笔画出来。这样可以了解并获得将要阅读的文章的大概意思,做到有的放矢。阅读过程中,考生可以将含有重要信息的词、短语或句子等用笔画出来。这样可为答题做很好的铺垫。解题时寻找相关的重要信息就容易多了。
3.阅读理解的三个侧重点。
除了题目本身所要求查找的细节外,阅读时一定要注意不要逐字逐句地死抠,而要有所侧重。
(1)侧重首段、尾段,首句、尾句。因为这些部分往往是作者所要谈及的论点、主题或中心思想,抓住了主干,那么细节问题就会迎刃而解。
(2)侧重语篇标志词。
语篇中句子和句子之间、段落和段落之间就是通过这种词语连接起来的,把握住这些词语就等于把握了句与句、段与段之间的关系。对于获取所需信息、准确答题至关重要。语篇标志词连接的主要内容有:(1)例解,如for instance,for example;(2)列举;(3)比较;(4)转折和对比;(5)原因;(6)结果;(7)方式和手段;(8)时间;(9)地点;(10)目的;(11)分类;(12)补充;(13)强调;(14)条件;(15)结论。
(3)侧重长句、难句。
因为英语表达以冗长著称,论理性很强的文章更是如此。通过较长的句子来表达复杂的思想内容,从而使文章更具有说服力。所以,我们在阅读时必须重视长句、难句,认真分析句子,把握关键。事实上,不少问题就是针对这些长句、难句而设置的。
五、补全对话
根据实际理解,文章上下的情景,使用简单的语句补全对话就可以了。不用使用太复杂的句子,简单明了即可。
六、作文
背熟几篇范文,背诵好写作句首。根据题目内容翻译即可拿到大部分分值的了。
第一篇:议论文
金钱是一切吗?In Money Everything?
I don't think money is everything, but we can't do without it. Fox example, money can't buy us happiness and a good education. And for another example, money can't buy us good health and a long life. But we can not live without money. We need it for our daily necessities such as food, clothes and transportation. What's more, we need it to live a better life. In short, we should learn the value of money and make the most of its advantages.
第二篇:条件作文
1.一些人喜欢住在城市,因为城市生活有许多便利。
2.但有些人喜欢住在农村。
3.我认为,……
Where to live —in the City or in the Country
Some people like living in the city because city life has many advantages. They think there are more job opportunities in cities, life there is more colorful and meaningful than that in the country, and there are more modern conveniences in cities for people to enjoy.
But some other people prefer to live in the countryside. They say life in the countryside is closer to nature and better for their health, life there is quieter and that country people are more honest than city people.
I would like to live in a city when I am young to earn enough money and I live in the countryside when I am old for having a quite life.
第三篇:报告
你叫李平,是英语系学生会主席。写一封信给王教授,请他做一个有关中国历史的报告。注意信中要包括目的、时间、日期和地点。
Ⅴ。 Writing
May 19,2002
Dear Professor Wang:
On behalf of the Student Union of the English Department, I am writing to invite you to give a lecture on Chinese history.
We have planned to have such a lecture at 2:30 p. m. in Lecture Hall 419, on May 25.
Looking forward to your lecture. Inform us in advance if you can not come.
Sincerely yours,
Li Ping
第四篇:议论文
男女应该平等吗?(Should Men and Women Be Equal?)
Should Men and Women Be Equal?
People have different ideas about this issue, Some people say that men are superior to women in ability because men are physically stronger, do most of the hard labor in the world and hold most important positions. Other people believe that women have the ability to compete with men. There have been many famous women state leaders and great scientists in the world. We should fully carry out the principle “to each according to his work” so that the enthusiasm of both men and women for work can be fully aroused.
第五篇:条件作文
1.在中国,自行车是最为流行的交通工具。
2.骑自行车有许多好处。
3.自行车的未来……
The Bicycle in China
The bicycle is the most popular means of transportation in China. China is a country “on bicycle wheels”。 People ride them for various purposes such as going to and from school and work. Bicycles are very cheap and easy to buy in China.
There are many advantages to riding a bicycle. First, using a bicycle can greatly help reduce the air pollution in many big cities. Second, people can improve their health by riding a bicycle.
The future of bicycle will be bright. In some European countries, city governments have arranged pedestrians to use“public bicycles” to travel round the city center free of charge.
第六篇: 写信
你是Helen,要写一封信给Julie,对她和她的丈夫昨日请你和你丈夫吃饭表示感谢,表示要回请他们,以答谢他们的盛情款待。
Dear Julie:
Thank you very much for the dinner that you invited my husband and I to yesterday. The food not only looked and smelled fabulous but tasted great, and my husband and I enjoyed it very much. Therefore, we would like to invite you to dinner at 7 p.m. this Friday at the Northwest Chinese restaurant to return your kindness and hospitality.
Please do come.
Yours,
Helen
第七篇:条件作文
1.假冒伪劣商品是个严重问题。
2.一些原因导致了这种现象。
3.为了扫除假冒伪劣商品,……
Fake Commodities
Fake and poor quality commodities are a serious problem. Many things can be faked such as soybean sauce, vinegar,bicycles, and many other things. The interests of consumers are affected, and many enterprises keep losing money because of cheap fake commodities.
There are some reasons for such a phenomenon. The major one is the desire of some people to “make easy money”。These people think nothing of the law of the protection of intellectual property rights.
To get rid of fake and poor quality commodities, the government should educate people to obey the law of the protection of individual intellectual property rights and not to sell any fake goods. The government should punish severely and close down all the factories producing fake goods.
第八篇: 留言条
你是Alice.你的朋友Bonnie很快就要到你的乡间小屋拜访,但你却要出去一会儿。留一张便条给她,告诉她食品在哪儿,告诉她一个人在屋里时应注意些什么。
May 18, 2002
Dear Bonnie:
I will be away for a while. The key to the cottage is under the doormat, and the food is in the refrigerator. After entering the house, lock the door from inside at once. The cottage is far away from the nearest town, and the area is not quite safe from burglars. So I think the saying is right “Where there is precaution, there is no danger”。
Have a nice stay here.
Yours,
Alice