Part I Reading Comprehension (30%)
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:
Archaeology, like many academic words, comes from Greek and means, more or less, “the study of old things”. So, it is really a part of the study of history. However, most historians use paper evidence, such as letters, paintings and photographs，but archaeologists (考古家) learn from the objects left behind by the humans of long ago. Normally, these are the hard materials that don't break down or disappear very quickly—things like human bones and objects made from stone and metal.
It is very unusual to find anything more than the hard evidence of history--normally, the bacteria (细菌) in the air eat away at soft materials, like bodies, clothes and things made of wood. Occasionally, things are different.
In 1984, two men made an amazing discovery while working in a bog called Lindow Moss, in the north of England. A bog is a very wet area of earth, with a lot of plants growing in it. It can be like a very big and very thick vegetable soup—walk in the wrong place and you can sink and disappear forever. The men were working when one of them saw something sticking out—a human foot! Naturally, the men called the police，who then found the rest of the body. Was it a case of murder? Possibly--but it was a death nearly two thousand years old. The two men had found a body from the time of the Roman invasion of Britain. Despite being so old, this body had skin, muscles, hair and internal organs—the scientists who examined him were able to look inside the man's stomach and find the food that he had eaten for his last meal!
Why was this man so well preserved? (76) It was because he was in a very watery environment, safe fi:om the bacteria that need oxygen to live. Also, the water in the bog was very acidic. The acid preserved the man's skin in the way that animal skin is preserved for leather coats and shoes.
How did he die? Understandably, archaeologists and other scientists wanted to know more about the person that they called,“Lindow Man”. (77) His hands and fingernails suggested that he hadn't done heavy manual work in his life—he could have been a rich man. They found that he hadn't died by accident. The archaeologists believe that he was sacrificed to three different gods.
1. Which language does the word “archaeology”come from?
A. French. B. Greek. C. Roman. D. German.
【答案】B。湖南师范大学自考网解题：可能谈不上什么常识储备，我们带着题干关键词：“archaeology”一目一行定位答案范围在：第一段第一句话。“archaeology”一词源于希腊语。因此答案选择选项B。应该是属于送分题目，不含技巧成分。
2. The word “these” in the first paragraph refers to_______.
A. letters B. photographs C. paintings D. objects
【答案】D。湖南师范大学自考网解题：these“这些”，指代的东西前面已经提及过，四个选项均有提及，A与B与C选项，是用and连接起来的没有主次之分的四个并列词语，反过来也就是说，它们当中，我们无从选择，答案是D。D选项就包含了前面三个选项的内容。
具体解法：细节题。根据“these”一词的上下语境可判断，该词是指上句话中的“objects left behind by the humans of long ago”，很久以前人们留下来诸如骨头、石头和金属之类的物体，因此答案选择D。
3. Which of the following helped to preserve“Lindow Man”?
A. Ice and Iow temperature. B. Bacteria and oxygen.
C. Soil and energy. D. Acid and water.
【答案】D。湖南师范大学自考网解题：带着题干关键词：preserve“Lindow Man” 一目一行定位答案范围在：第四段的“he was in a very watery environment”和“the water in the bog was very acidic”，可知是由于充满水的环境以及水里面的酸使尸体保存比较完好，因此答案选D。
4. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. “Lindow Man”was named after the person who first found him.
B. Historians usually use paper evidence, while archaeologists use hard evidence.
C. “Lindow Man” was found by two archaeologists in the south of England.
D. “Lindow Man”was good at manual work.
【答案】B。湖南师范大学自考网解题：此类题目，最好是带着选项内容去原文中寻找有价值的信息：A选项在第三段的细节题。根据文章第三段可知“Lindow Man”是bog沼泽的名称，故A错；“Lindow Man”是两个施工中的男子发现，故C错；根据最后一段，可知“Lindow Man”是一个很少做体力活的富人，故D错；而从第一段中，可得知B对。
认真做了第二小题的话，此题目就手到擒来了：However, most historians use paper evidence, such as letters, paintings and photographs，but archaeologists (考古学家) learn from the objects left behind by the humans of long ago. Normally, these are the hard materials…….。
5. Which is the best title for the passage?
A. What Is Archaeology?
B. Archaeology and History
C. An Amazing Archaeological Discovery
D. The Death of“Lindow Man”
【答案】C。湖南师范大学自考网解题：此类题目我们有两种方法：一、利用切题解题法，通过题干的设置，去了解文章的大意，因为出题人的题干设置一般而言，也是围绕文章中心的；二、浏览每一自然段的第一句话和最后一句话，因为这些地方是主旨出没的地方。
此题目利用第二种方法较好：第三段第一句“两个人有了一个惊人的发现….”；第四段第一句话“为什么这个人保存得如此完好…..”；第五段“他是怎么死的…”。与之匹配的是C选项。
具此可知，文章主要介绍了“Lindow Man”这一考古学上的惊人发现，而非讲述考古学的概念，也非考古学与历史的关系或“Lindow Man”的死因，因此ABD均为以偏概全。
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