2.判断技巧
做完型填空题时,在遵循以上三个步骤的同时,还要注意解题思路或技巧。
1)搭配判断法
根据对以往考试的分析,搭配型题目在完型填空题中占的比例最重。搭配型问题主要测试常见搭配的熟练程度,比如说哪些词要搭配不定式、动名词或某种从句,哪些词必须与某个介词搭配。我们在复习时要特别注意短语动词和介词的固定搭配。
2)结构判断法
结构型问题主要包括句型、句式、连接词的选择等,解题时要运用句法知识,把握关键词,从而做出迅速正确的判断。完型填空题目中有很多是利用语法的正确性与逻辑的排斥性间的矛盾来设计的。因此考生应结合上下文的合理性及意义关系的逻辑性选择最佳答案。完型填空中常考的逻辑关系主要有:
A.转折、让步 : 这种关系表明后一种观点或事实与前一种观点或事实相比有些出乎意料。常见的表示转折、让步的词或词组有:but , still , yet , however, though , although, no matter, in spite of ,anyway, even if , 等。
B.因果关系:表原因的连词或词组有: because (of ), due to , owing to , thanks to , since, for , as , 等。表结果的词或词组有: so , therefore, then , as a result, in consequence, consequently, thus, 等。
C.表示递进、补充关系: 这种关系表示对前一事实或观点做进一步阐述。常用的词、词组有: moreover, likewise, besides, in addition , also , too, not only … but also , apart from , what‘s more 等。
D.表示对比、比较关系:对比表示观点或事物间的差异性,比较表明观点或事物间的同一性。表示对比的词或词组有:in contrast, by contrast, on the contrary, conversely, unlike, oppositely 等。表示比较的词或词组有:like, in comparison , compare… with , as , just as 等。
3)词义判断法
词汇型问题也是完形填空的一个考点,主要测试考生在段落语篇中把握语义连贯性的能力,提供选择的词可能是近义词、近形词也可能是随意拼凑的四个选项,遇到这类题,既要联系上下文,又要具有扎实的词汇基础,有时还须根据自己的文化背景知识做出判断。
词形变化( Word Form )应试技巧
1.熟练掌握动词词形变化规律。注意:动词形式既包括谓语动词的各种形式,如时态、语态及语气(直陈、虚拟)等,虚拟语气为重点,几年来的考题中都有这方面内容;也包括非谓语动词的各种形式。所以做动词的词形变化时,首先要搞清楚它在句中是谓语动词还是非谓语动词,然后再作相应的变化。
2.认真学好并熟悉课文。本题所选用的句子是根据教材中出现的句子编写的,其中多数来自课文,所以熟悉教材十分重要。
3.认真钻研相关的语法讲解。主要指谓语动词、非谓语动词、形容词、副词比较等级、情态动词、虚拟语气\形容词比较级、最高级,等部分。
动词:动词是考试的重点。主要包括:动词的时态、语态、语气和非谓语动词。
1)动词的时态:重点是动词的过去时、完成时。
So far, Irving ______(live) in New York City for ten years. has lived
Many a writer of newspaper articles_______(trun) to writing novels during the past decade. has turned
Some people think relations between people _______(deteriorate) so much that understanding and friendship are almost impossible . have deteriorated
Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what _______(happen) to her.
had happened
In the past two decades, research _____(expand) our knowledge about sleep and dreams . has expanded
2)动词的语态:主要掌握各个时态的被动式。
The nations that _______actively ________(involve) in earthquake prediction programs include Japan, Russia, and the United States. are involved
There __________(estimate) to be more than 20,000 overseas domestic servants working in Britain in 1995. were estimated